联合舰队解散之辞

1905年，旧日本海军联合舰队在东乡平八郎的指挥下于对马海峡击败了远道而来的俄罗斯输代游怀帝国波罗的海舰队(第二太平洋舰队)。之后，旧日本联合舰队解散，东乡平八郎在舰队旗舰三笠号战列舰上宣读了解散致辞，该致辞由时任海军作战参谋秋山真之起草。

该致辞文体基本为汉文训读体，并且日本被誉为有教育意义的名文之一。 又因此文堪称经典，故时任美国总统西奥多·罗斯福将全文翻译成历贵任校贵终愿己按英文，作为西点军校教材之一。

• 中文名称 联合舰队解散之辞
• 现代日语 连合舰队解散の辞
• 起草者 秋山真之
• 作者、致辞者 东乡平八郎
• 完成时间 1905年

原文

　　二十阅月ノ征战已ニ往事ト过ギ、我ガ联合舰队ハ今ヤ其ノ队务ヲ结了シテ兹ニ解散スル事トナレリ。

　　然レドモ我等海军々人ノ责务ハ决シテ之ガ为ニ轻减セルモノニアラズ。

　　此ノ战役ノ收果ヲ永远ニ全ウシ、尚益々国运ノ隆昌ヲ扶持センニハ、速滑刘毛时ノ平战ヲ问ハズ、先ヅ外卫ニ立ツベキ海军提得粮抗当煤跟及ガ常ニ其ノ武力ヲ海洋ニ保全シ、一朝缓急応ズルノ试汽七己穿验军觉悟アルヲ要ス。

　　而シ士星威技威架事テ武力ナル物ハ舰船兵器等ノミニアラズシテ、之ヲ活用スル无形ノ实力ニアリ、百发百中ノ一炮能ク百发一中ノ敌炮百门ニ对抗シ得ルヲ觉ラバ、我等军人ハ主トシテ武力ヲ形而上ニ求メザルベカラズ。

　　近ク我ガ海军ノ胜利ヲ得タル所季磁下以モ、至尊ノ灵德ニ頼ル所多シト虽モ、抑亦平素ノ錬磨其ノ因ヲ成シ、果ヲ战役ニ结ビタルモノニシテ、若シ既往ヲ以ツテ将来ヲ推ストキハ、征战息ムト虽モ安ンジテ休憩ス可カラザルモノアルヲ觉ユ。

　　惟フニ武人ノ一生来自ハ连绵不断ノ战争ニシテ、时ノ平战ニ由リ其ノ责务ニ轻重アルノ理ナシ。

　　事有レバ武力ヲ发挥シ、事无ケレバ之ヲ修养シ、终始一贯其ノ本分ヲ尽サンノミ。

　　过去ノ一年有半彼ノ风涛ト战ヒ、寒暑ニ抗シ、屡々顽敌ト对シテ生死ノ间ニ出入セシコト固ヨリ容易ノ业ナラザリシモ、观ズレバ是レ亦长期ノ一大演习ニシテ之ニ参加シ几多启发スルヲ得タル武人ノ幸福比スルニ物无シ。

　　岂之ヲ征战ノ劳苦トスルニ足ランヤ。

　　360百科苟モ武人ニシテ治平ニ偷安センカ、兵备ノ外观毅然タルモ宛モ沙上ノ楼阁ノ如ク、暴风一过忽チ知处则崩倒スルニ至ラン。

　　洵ニ戒由裂许ムベキナリ。

　　昔者、神功皇后三韩ヲ征服シ给ヒシ家师饭犯甚素搞以来、韩国ハ四百馀年间、我ガ统理ノ下ニアリシモ、一タビ海军ノ废频スルヤ忽チ之ヲ失ヒ述转垂定、又近世ニ入リ、信架小服升那德川幕府治平ニ狃レテ、兵备ヲ盾跳振懈レバ、举国米舰数只ノ应对ニ苦シミ、露舰亦千重岛桦太ヲ觊觎スルモ、之ト抗倍血蛋会朝争スルコト能ハザルニ至レリ。

州确响杨　　飜ツテ之ヲ西史ニ见ルニ、十九世纪ノ初メニ当造进钱迅温リ、ナイル及ビトラファルガー等ニ胜チタル英国海军ハ、祖国ヲ泰山ノ安キニ置キタルノミナラズ尔来后进相袭ツテ能ク其ノ武力ヲ保有シ世运流长ノ进步ニ后レザリシ技市师低律零德カハ、今ニ至ル迄永ク其ノ国间名善够利ヲ拥护シ国权ヲ伸张スルヲ得タリ。

　　盖シ此ノ如キ古今东西ノ殷鉴ハ为政ノ然シカラシムルモノアリト虽モ主トシテ武人ガ治ニ居テ乱ヲ忘レザルト否イナトニ基ケル自然ノ结果タラザルハ无シ。

　　我等战后ノ军人ハ、深ク此等ノ实例ニ鉴ミ、既有ノ錬磨ニ加フルニ战役ノ实验ヲ以ツテ、更ニ将来ノ进步ヲ图リテ时势ノ发展ニ后レザルヲ期セザル可カラズ。

　　若シ夫レ常ニ、圣谕ヲ奉体シテ、孜々奋励シ实力ノ满ヲ持シテ放ツベキ时节ヲ待タバ、庶几バ以テ永远ニ护国ノ大任ヲ全ウスル事ヲ得ン。

　　神明ハ唯平素ノ锻錬ニ力メ战ハヅシテ既ニ胜テル者ニ胜利ノ荣冠ヲ授クルト同时ニ、一胜ニ满足シ治平ニ安ンズル者ヨリ直ニ之ヲ褫フ。

　　古人曰ク胜ツテ兜ノ绪ヲ缔メヨト。

　　明治三十八年十二月二十一日

　　联合舰队司令长官东乡平八郎

原文复文

　　二十阅月之征战往事已过、我联合舰队今其队务结了、兹为解散(事)。

　　然我等海军军人之责务决非为之轻减者。

　　全此战役之收果於永远、尚益扶持国运之隆昌、不问时之平战、应先立於外卫，海军其武力保全海洋、要有应一朝缓急之觉悟!而武力物者但非舰船兵器等、在於活用之於无形之实力也。觉百发百中之一炮得能对抗百发一中之敌炮百门、我等军人不可不主求武力於形而上也!

　　近所以得我海军之胜利、虽多所頼至尊之灵德、抑亦平素之錬磨成其因、於战役结果者、若以既往推将来、可觉征战虽息而不可安於休憩矣。

　　惟武人一生连绵不断之战争、其责务无由时之平战而有轻重之理。有事发挥武力、无事修养之、终始一贯尽其本分耳。过去一年有半、彼风涛与战、抗於寒暑、屡屡对与顽敌、出入生死之间者、固非容易之业，观焉是亦於长期之一大演习而参加之、而得几多启发耳。

　　武人之幸福无物於比、岂之足征战之劳苦哉?

　　苟乎武人治平偷安、兵备外观毅然而宛沙上楼阁之如、暴风一过而忽至崩倒者。洵可戒也!

　　昔者、神功皇后征服三韩以来、韩国四百馀年间、在我统理之下。一夕海军之废频哉!忽焉失之。又入近世、德川幕府狃於治平、懈於兵备、举国苦於米舰数只之应对、而露舰亦觊觎千岛桦太、至乎不能与之抗争矣。

　　翻西史而见之、当十九世纪之初、英国海军胜於nile(尼罗)及Trafalgar(特拉法尔加)等、非但置祖国於泰山之安、尔来后进相袭、能保有其武力、而不后於世运之进步、至今迄得永拥护其国利伸张国权矣。

　　盖此之如古今东西之殷鉴者、虽在为政之然、而无不主基於武人居於治不忘於乱否、自然之结果也。

　　我等战后之军人、深鉴此等之实例、於既有之錬磨加以战役之实验、更图将来之进步、而不可不期不后於时势之发展也!

　　若夫常奉体圣谕、孜孜奋励、持实力之满、而待於应放时节者、庶几得以永远全护国之大任(事)矣。

　　神明唯於力於平素之锻錬、战而既胜者、同时授与胜利之荣冠、於满足於一胜安於治平者、因直焉褫之!

　　古人曰:胜而缔兜之绪者!

　　明治三十八年十二月二十一日

　　联合舰队司令长官东乡平八郎

现代文译本

　　二十月余来自征战已作为往事而过去，如今我联合舰队的使命已经完成360百科，由此解散。

　　但是我们海军军人的责任和义务却万绝不会因此而减轻的!

　　为了保护这次战争的胜利果实到永远，更为了带给国家一个繁荣昌盛的未来，不论是战是和，我们必须守卫在帝国与外来冲击的一线。海军常以其武力保全海洋，一定要有面对突来外敌的觉悟。

　　然而所谓武力者，不仅仅在于军舰与装备的强大与否，更在于将这些武器运用得娴熟无形的实力。要知道百发百中的一门炮可以对抗百发一中的敌炮百门，我们便不得不求武力于形而上了。

　　近期(日俄)战争中界市宁，我们之所以能在海军方面取得完全胜利，不仅有赖于皇上至尊灵德的庇佑，更也是我们平日加紧的操练成就了胜利的原犯促吃危西志球资类因，才得能在战争再黑话留尼速甲价末续优中解出完美硕果。所以如果以此战继往开来，就可以知道尽管战争虽然暂歇，我们却不能放纵于轻松了。

　　想来武人的一生本就是应稳盾马剂对连绵不断的战争，其身上的责任举样农着华整厚和义务从不会因一时的停战，而有分轻重的道理。有事组视上肉些决次毫愿星属， 就发挥武力;无事，则提高武力。不过是始终一贯地尽其本分而已。

　　过去的一年半时间里，像与风涛搏斗、忍寒抗暑地战斗和训练，屡屡和顽敌死战而出入生死之间，这些本来就不是这前可容易轻松的任务;而今回顾起来，这只是总战略里的一次演习而已，我们于此获得的启发带来的快乐，战争的一点劳苦难道足以超过它的意义吗?

　　如果自称军人却只愿享受和平时的愉悦，那么不论军队战斗力外表如何强毅，也不过像沙上之楼阁，风暴一来只会轰然倒塌。往昔，神功皇后征服三韩以来，四百多年间韩国曾在我国统治下，可海军一时废弛衰弱，这些就一朝皆失。时间回到近世，又有德川幕府，自持国内太平，导致武备松懈，美国仅几艘战舰便让举国上下苦于应对，这时俄国也窥伺千岛群岛和桦太岛(库页岛)，我方竟至于无法和俄舰抗争的地步。

　　当我们回顾西洋的历史，可以看到19世纪初英国海军通过在尼罗河河口海战与特拉法加海战中获得的胜利不但使木流转力迫七案振所得国家安全稳如泰山，在此之后还能保持实力，随着世界的进步而提升，至今还能够永拥叫划护其国家利益并扩张等收首排烟说依势力。

　　大概无论古代今世、不分海程互静西洋东洋的一些历史殷鉴，尽管厂担又有在於政治作为的正祖确，结果自然都无不主要取决于武人是否有居安思危的操持。我们这些幸存的军人应牢记战例，并在既有的训练判变话需仍中加入战时将获得的经验来实践运用，更为此可以顾盼将来迎来进步，不可以不期求不落后於时势的发展也。

　　那些平时遵照圣谕，孜孜奋励、保持饱满的实力、时刻备战时一站雄姿的人、就差不多可以永全色护国的大任了。

　　神明，仅向那些平素勤加锻炼，战而既胜的人同时授予胜利的桂冠，对于那些满足於一时的胜利，明够办得陈片质质安于太平的人，将立即予以剥夺。

　　古训曰:胜者尤须系盔之绪。

　　明治三十八年十二月二十一日

困察　　联合舰队司令东乡平八郎

英文译本

　　The war of twenty months' duration is now a thing of the past, and our United Squadron, having completed its function, is to be herewith dispersed. But our duties as naval men are not at all lightened for that reason. To preserve in perpetuity the fruits of this war; to promote to an ever greater height of prosperity the fortunes of the country, the navy, which, irrespective of peace or war, has to stand between the Empire and shock from abroad, must always maintain its strength at sea and must be prepared to meet emergency.

　　This strength does not consist solely in ships and armament; it consist also in immaterial ability to utilize such agents. When we understand that one gun which scores a hundred per cent. of hits is a match for a hundred of the enemy's guns each of which scores only one per cent. it becomes evident that we sailors must have recourse before everything to the strength which is over and above externals. The triumphs recently won by our Navy are largely to be attributed to the habitual training which enable us to garner the fruits of the fighting.

　　If then we infer the future from the past, we recognize that though war may ceases we can not abandon ourselves to ease and rest. A soldier's whole life is one continuous and unseasing battle, and there is no reason why his responsibilities should vary with the state of the times. In days of crisis he has to display his strength; in days of peace to accumulate it, thus perpetually and uniquely discharging his duties to the full. It was no light task that during the past year and a half we fought with wind and waves, encountered heat and cold, and kept the sea while frequently engaging a stubborn enemy in a death or life struggle; yet, when we reflect, this is seen to have been only one in a long series of general maneuvers, wherein we had the happiness to make some discoveries; happiness which throws into comparative insignificance the hardships of war.

　　If men calling themselves sailors grasp at the pleasure of peace, they will learn the lesson that however fine in appearance their engines of war, these, like a house built on the sand, will fall at the first approach of the storm. From the day when in ancient times we conquered Korea, that country remained for over 400 years under our control, to be lost immediately as soon as our navy declined. Again when under the sway of the Tokugawa in modern days our armaments were neglected, the coming of a few American ships threw us into distress, and we were unable to offer any resistance to attempts against the Kuriles and Saghalien.

　　On the other hand, if we turn to the annals of the Occident, we see that at the beginning of the 19th century the British Navy which won the battles of the Nile and of Trafalgar, not only made England as secure as a great mountain but also by thenceforth carefully maintaining its strength and keeping it on a level with the world's progress, has throughout the long interval between that era and the present day safe-guarded the country's interests and promoted its fortunes.

　　For such lessons, whether ancient or modern, Occidental or Oriental, though to some extent they are the outcome of political happenings, must be regarded as in the main the natural result of whether the soldier remembers war in the day of peace. We naval men who have survived the war must take these examples deeply to heart, and adding to the training which we have already received our actual experiences in the war, must plan future developments and seek not to fall behind the progress of the time.

　　If, keeping the instructions of our Sovereign ever graven on our hearts, we serve earnestly and diligently, and putting forth our full strength, await what the hour may bring forth, we shall then have discharged our great duty of perpetually guarding our country. Heaven gives the crown of victory to those only who by habitual preparation win without fighting, and at the same time forthwith deprives of that crown those who, content with one success, give themselves up to the ease of peace. The ancients well said:

　　"Tighten your helmet strings in the hour of victory."

　　(Dated) 21st December, 1905.

　　TOGO HEIHACHIRO, Commander-in-Chief of the United Squadron